If you're a woman over 18, chances are you've probably had a gynecological exam. But you may not know how such an exam can benefit you.
When Should a Woman Visit a Gynecologist?
All women 18 and over or those sexually active need a yearly gynecological exam.
Anytime a woman experiences severe pelvic pain.
If a woman has abnormal bleeding between periods or an unusual discharge, pain, swelling, or itching of the vagina or lower abdomen.
Tests Generally Performed at an Annual Visit
The doctor will listen to your heart and lungs, check your breasts for any changes or lumps, and palpitate your abdominal area for any irregularities.
A smear for Pap testing is generally taken during the visual portion of the pelvic exam. The doctor inserts a small swab, a small wooden spatula is used to rub off cells from the entrance to the canal, a brush is used to remove a sample from the cervical canal (opening to the uterus). These samples are examined under a microscope for abnormal cells, which may indicate possible cancer or a precancerous condition. Not all abnormalities found are cancerous.
Pelvic Exam
After the visual examination, the doctor will start the bi–manual or two handed pelvic exam which checks the size, mobility, shape, position, surface, texture and amount of tenderness of the uterus and ovaries. The pelvic exam can alert the doctor to the presence of ovarian cysts (fluid–filled sacs), uterine fibroids (growths), tumors, and other abnormalities. If abnormalities are suspected, usually other tests are done for confirmation. The exam includes:
Inspection of the vulva (the external genitals) for any abnormalities.
Inserting one or two gloved fingers into your vagina and uterus. Many doctors tap the thigh to let the patient know the internal exam is about to begin.
A gentle internal examination of the uterus and other reproductive organs will be done while the doctor presses on your abdomen with his or her other hand.
Some doctors examine the rectum with the finger, while the other remains in the vagina.
Prepare for the Exam
The following helpful hints make for a smoother exam:
Best appointment time is one week after a woman’s menstrual cycle.
Do not use spermicides or vaginal lubricants in the two days before the exam. Avoid all vaginal treatments, including douches.
Write down the first day of your last menstrual period, along with any questions you want to ask the doctor.
Bring a couple of thin sanitary pads to the office. Sometimes a little spotting occurs after a pelvic exam.
Reproductive Exams Can Detect Certain Cancers
Cervical Cancer occurs when cells on the surface of the cervix are cancerous. The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 12,200 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed in 2003.
Symptoms:
Watery or bloody vaginal discharge, sometimes heavy and foul–smelling.
Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between menstrual periods or after menopause; menstrual periods may be heavier and last longer than normal. If cervical cancer spreads to nearby tissues, symptoms may include:
Difficult urination and possible kidney failure.
Painful urination and possible kidney failure.
Dull backache or swelling in the legs.
Diarrhea, or pain or bleeding from the rectum upon defecation.
Fatigue, loss of weight and appetite, and general feeling of illness.
Ovarian Cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in woman. Approximately 25,400 new cases are diagnosed annually. The cause of ovarian cancer is unknown.
Risk Factors:
Age: the most common type of ovarian cancer usually occurs in postmenopausal women.
Having had few or no children.
Delayed childbirth (after age 35).
Use of fertility drugs to stimulate ovulation.